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Federal courts

Lifetime-appointed (“Article III”) federal judges below the Supreme Court: the 13 appeals courts (“circuits”), the district (trial) courts and the Court of International Trade. This data lists 1453 sitting judges: 836 active and 617 on senior status (semi-retired, still hearing cases). 761 were appointed by Democratic presidents and 690 by Republican presidents.

Source: Federal Judicial Center, Biographical Directory of Article III Federal Judges (most recent commission date in the data: Oct 22, 2026). Territorial courts (Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Virgin Islands) and non-Article III judges (bankruptcy, magistrate, Court of Federal Claims) are not part of this directory.